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ommercial ground penetrating radar (GPR) instruments have been available since the early 1970's and have evolved to become a valuable investigative subsurface exploration tool. 
Curren’s GPR systems consist of a transceiver (the antenna), cables, and electronics package,
including a printer, and a power source. As the transceiver is pulled across the ground, a series
of high frequency radio wave pulses are radiated downward into the subsurface. Some of the
wave pulses are reflected back to the surface when they encounter a material having different
electrical properties than the propagating media (like soil). An example of such a reflector
would be a steel pipe buried in a sandy soil.
The effective depth of GPR penetration is very site specific, occasionally varying 500%
within 20 feet. Signal penetration decreases with increased soil conductivity. Conductive materials
(e.g., clay) attenuate the GPR signal to the point that very little depth penetration
is achieved. Penetration is greatest in unsaturated sands and fine
gavels. Clayey, highly saline, and moist soils as well as areas covered by steel
reinforced concrete and foundry slag allow for very little GPR penetration.
Optimum soils types for GPR penetration are gavels with minimal clay and silt content. Hard rock, ice, and fresh-water environs are also well suited to GPR. GPR Applications
 Find out more about Ground Penetrating Radar
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